@article{barron2017multipurposeauditoria,
 author = {Barron, M. and Kissner, S.},
 title = {A possible acoustic design approach for multi-purpose auditoria suitable for both speech and music},
 abstract = {In several auditoria, it has been observed that the reverberation time is longer than expected and that the cause is a horizontal reverberant field established in the region near the ceiling, a field which is remote from the sound absorbing audience. This has been observed in the Boston Symphony Hall, Massachusetts, and the Stadthalle Göttingen, Germany. Subjective remarks on their acoustics suggest that there are no unfavourable comments linked to the secondary sound field. Two acoustic scale models are considered here. In a generic rectangular concert hall model, the walls and ceiling contained openings in which either plane or scattering panels could be placed. With plane panels, the model reverberation time (RT) was measured as 53% higher than the Sabine prediction (frequency 500/1000 Hz), compared with 8% higher with scattering panels. The second model of a 300 seat lecture theatre with a 6 m or 8 m high ceiling had raked seating. In this case, the amount of absorption in the model was increased until the point was reached where speech had acceptable intelligibility, with the early energy fraction, D ⩾ 0.5. For this acceptable speech condition with the 6 m ceiling, the measured mid-frequency T15 was 1.47 s, whereas the Sabine predicted RT was 1.06 s. The sound decay was basically non-linear with T30 > T15 > EDT. Exploiting a high-level horizontal reverberant field offers the possibility of acoustics that are better adapted as suitable for both speech and unamplified music, without any physical change in the auditorium. Using secondary reverberation in an auditorium for a wide variety of music might also be beneficial.},
 keywords = {Auditorium acoustics, Non-linear decays, Speech intelligibility},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 tags = {Room Acoustics},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {42-49},
 volume = {115},
 journal = {Applied Acoustics},
 doi = {doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.08.018},
}